Problem Based Learning ( PBL )

Problem Based Learning ( PBL )

Problem Based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of problem solving. Students learn both thinking strategies and domain knowledge. The PBL format originated from the medical school of thought, and is now used in other schools of thought too. The goals of PBL are to help the students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaboration skills and intrinsic motivation. Problem-based learning is a style of active learning.

Working in groups, students identify what they already know, what they need to know, and how and where to access new information that may lead to resolution of the problem. The role of the instructor (known as the tutor in PBL) is to facilitate learning by supporting, guiding, and monitoring the learning process. The tutor must build students' confidence to take on the problem, and encourage the students, while also stretching their understanding. PBL represents a paradigm shift from traditional teaching and learning philosophy which is more often lecture-based. The constructs for teaching PBL are very different from traditional classroom/lecture teaching.

How to use Problem based Learning in classroom ?

Teachers now implement problem-based learning (PBL) at all levels of education for various fields of study. This educational approach is intrinsically motivating because it puts students in charge of their learning. Students learn life skills, such as problem solving, self-directed learning and leadership, while educators facilitate rather than dictate. Using PBL in the classroom requires an attitude shift and a commitment to a new style of education, but the effort will be well worth it when you see your students engaged and actively learning.

1. meaningful problems for students to solve that are in line with the curriculum. PBL problems are multifaceted and open-ended to promote flexible thinking and collaborative learning. To foster motivation, base problems on realistic situations that are applicable to students' experiences.

2. Divide students into small groups and present the PBL problem. Groups usually consist of six to seven members.

3. Encourage the teams to clearly define the problem, organize their ideas and pose questions to investigate. Students can research as a team or divide research duties among individual team members. PBL often occurs in a series of stages as students share new knowledge and raise further issues to solve.

4. Scaffold learning by providing a wide range of multidisciplinary resources to stimulate discussion without revealing possible solutions. Educators can hand out written materials, give short lectures, present case descriptions and invite relevant professionals to answer questions.

5. Monitor the teams to ensure that everyone participates, works together and stays on topic. The instructor should walk around the classroom often and listen in on group discussions, spending time with teams that need the most support.

6. Model effective problem solving and critical thinking by asking for more detailed explanations, questioning arguments and commenting on others' opinions. These strategies encourage reflection and further inquiry.

7.Allow teams to demonstrate their learning. Some examples of demonstration methods include presentations, role-playing and implementing a resolution in the real world.